Thiamine deficiency is a problem with prople who do not take proper nutrition and , particularly chronic alcoholics.Thiamine, also called as vitamin B1 , was the first vitamin to be found. The absortion of thiamine happens in the jejunum, by slow diffusion at increased concentrations. Past research indicates that thiamine is absorbed in the intestine and it occurs for only a small percentage of a high oral dose and declines at intakes above 5 mg. Thiamine is transported in plasma and erythrocytes. The biological lifespan is estimated to be 9 to 18 days, and the average adult body contains about 30 mg. Urinary excretion increases when serum levels increases and decreases when serum levels are decreased.Thiamine functions mainly as (TPP), sometimes referred to as thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates(CHO) and branched-chain amino acids. TPP functions in decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids and transketolation reactions of hexose and pentose phosphates. For example, it is important for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme-A for entry into the Krebs cycle for production of energy. Nerve and brain functions depend on thiamine’s metabolic roles in energy synthesis from glucose, production of myelin, and synthesis of amino acids and neurotransmitters.
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